Patience ("long-suffering") means "patient endurance towards inflictors of injury or enemies" and "being slow to anger." The Cambridge Bible notes it means "patience sustained under injuries and provocations."
MacLaren describes long-suffering as demonstrating "love suffereth long, is not easily provoked, is not soon angry" - overcoming the natural tendency to "repay hate with hate." Vincent adds it involves being patient "in affliction and trial, and when injured by others."
Key themes: restraining immediate negative reactions, enduring difficulties without anger, showing patience when provoked or wronged (BibleHub Commentaries).
